Math Is Fun Forum

Prime factorization
LCM
GCF

LCM

1.
Find the prime factorization of each
number in the group.
2.
Make a list of ALL factors, raised
to the HIGHEST power that appears in
any factorization.
3.
Multiply out.

GCF

1.
Find the prime factorization of each
number in the group.
2.
Make a list of COMMON factors,
raised to the LOWEST power that
appears in any factorization.
3.
Multiply out

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http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?femh1=0-14

To factor’ means to break up into multiples.

Factors of natural numbers

The numbers other than 1 whose only factors are 1 and the number itself are called Prime numbers
Numbers having more than two factors are called Composite numbers.

Greatest common factor

The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of two or more given numbers is the greatest of their common factors

Lowest Common Multiple

The Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of two or more given numbers is the lowest (or smallest or least) of their common multiples.

You will remember what you learnt about factors in Class VI. Let us take a natural number,
say 30, and write it as a product of other natural numbers, say
30 = 2 × 15
= 3 × 10 = 5 × 6
Thus, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30 are the factors of 30.
Of these, 2, 3 and 5 are the prime factors of 30 (Why?)
A number written as a product of prime factors is said to
be in the prime factor form; for example, 30 written as
2 × 3 × 5 is in the prime factor form.
The prime factor form of 70 is 2 × 5 × 7.
The prime factor form of 90 is 2 × 3 × 3 × 5, and so on.
Similarly, we can express algebraic expressions as products of their factors. This is
what we shall learn to do in this chapter.

Simplifying algebraic expressions

Factors of algebraic expressions

We have seen in Class VII that in algebraic expressions, terms are formed as products of
factors. For example, in the algebraic expression 5xy + 3x the term 5xy has been formed
by the factors 5, x and y, i.e.,
5xy = 5 * x * y
Observe that the factors 5, x and y of 5xy cannot further
be expressed as a product of factors. We may say that 5,
x and y are ‘prime’ factors of 5xy. In algebraic expressions,
we use the word ‘irreducible’ in place of ‘prime’. We say that
5 × x × y is the irreducible form of 5xy. Note 5 × (xy) is not
an irreducible form of 5xy, since the factor xy can be further
expressed as a product of x and y, i.e., xy = x × y.

What is Factorisation?
When we factorise an algebraic expression, we write it as a product of factors. These
factors may be numbers, algebraic variables or algebraic expressions.
Expressions like 3xy, 5x2y , 2x (y + 2), 5 (y + 1) (x + 2) are already in factor form.
Their factors can be just read off from them, as we already know.
On the other hand consider expressions like 2x + 4, 3x + 3y, x2 + 5x, x2 + 5x + 6.
It is not obvious what their factors are. We need to develop systematic methods to factorise
these expressions, i.e., to find their factors.

Methods of Factoring

Method of common factors
Factorisation by regrouping terms
Factorisation using identities
Factors of the form ( x + a) ( x + b)
Factor by Splitting

Factorise 6x2 + 17x + 5 by splitting the middle term

(By splitting method) : If we can find two numbers p and q such that
p + q = 17 and pq = 6 × 5 = 30, then we can get the factors

So, let us look for the pairs of factors of 30. Some are 1 and 30, 2 and 15, 3 and 10, 5
and 6. Of these pairs, 2 and 15 will give us p + q = 17.

So, 6x2 + 17x + 5 = 6x2 + (2 + 15)x + 5
= 6x2 + 2x + 15x + 5
= 2x(3x + 1) + 5(3x + 1)
= (3x + 1) (2x + 5)

SOLVING EQUATIONS

http://www.sosmath.com/algebra/solve/solve0/solve0.html

https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/ … g-algebra/
https://2012books.lardbucket.org/pdfs/b … lgebra.pdf