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#1 2006-03-29 10:06:45

MathsIsFun
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Registered: 2005-01-21
Posts: 7,711

Complex Number Formulas

Complex Number Formulas


"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..."  - Leon M. Lederman

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#2 2006-04-02 02:27:18

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Complex Numbers
A complex number is a number of the form a+bi and it consists of the real part and the imaginary part.
In a+bi, a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part.
i is an imaginary number, i=√(-1)
In polar form the complex number is represented as
r(Cosθ +iSinθ)
rCosθ =a and rSinθ =b; tanθ =b/a.


r is the modulus and θ is the argument.
In exponential form, a complex number is represented as

De Moivre's theorem:-


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#3 2006-04-03 02:59:38

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

If

For every complex number z, there exists and inverse such that

Division of two complex numbers:-


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#4 2006-04-03 03:15:28

Jai Ganesh
Administrator
Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

The conjugate of a complex number z=a+bi is given by

Some of the properties of conjugates are






=

=

Re(z) is the Real part of x and Im(z) is the imaginary part of z.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#5 2006-04-08 17:09:52

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Cube roots of unity

Let z denote a cube root of unity.



or

Properties of cube roots of unity:-
(1) Each of the complex roots of cube root of unity is square of the other.
(2) Sum of the cube roots of unity is zero. i.e.


where 1,
are the cube roots of unity.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#6 2006-04-08 17:18:49

Jai Ganesh
Administrator
Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Applications of De Moivre's  Theorem in finding Roots of Complex Numbers

Let z = x +iy
In polar form,


where

and



where k=0,1,2,3,...(n-1).
This gives n distinct roots of z.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#7 2006-04-08 18:00:54

Jai Ganesh
Administrator
Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

nth roots of unity

Let x be a root of unity. Then

where r=0,1,2,....n-1 using De Moivre's Theorem.

Let


The nth roots of unity are
where r=0,1,2,3,4...(n-1).
That is, the nth roots of unity are


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#8 2006-04-08 18:05:08

Jai Ganesh
Administrator
Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Properties of arguments

(1) The argument of a positive real number is zero.

(2) The argument of a negative real number is

.

(3) The argument of a positive imaginary number is

.

(4) The argument of a negative imaginary number is

or
.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#9 2009-03-17 19:28:08

Jai Ganesh
Administrator
Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Division and Exponentiation

.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#10 2009-03-17 19:38:34

Jai Ganesh
Administrator
Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

de Moivre's identity for powers of Complex Numbers of Real n

.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#11 2009-03-17 19:49:32

Jai Ganesh
Administrator
Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 45,956

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Powers of Comples Numbers

A power of complex number z to a positive integer exponent n can be written in closed form as

.    


The first few are explicitly

   

   


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#12 2009-03-30 19:10:10

Identity
Member
Registered: 2007-04-18
Posts: 934

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Properties of the magnitude:

  (Triangle Inequality)

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#13 2011-08-09 21:43:25

Ritu
Member
Registered: 2011-08-09
Posts: 1

Re: Complex Number Formulas

(-1)^(1/3) is????

Last edited by Ritu (2011-08-09 21:44:37)

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#14 2011-08-09 21:58:19

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Complex Number Formulas

Hi Ritu;

Question should be asked in "Help Me."

The CAS all return

Which their pages claim is the principal value.

You can view it as the solutions to equation

Which has roots:


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#15 2011-08-09 22:02:29

anonimnystefy
Real Member
From: Harlan's World
Registered: 2011-05-23
Posts: 16,049

Re: Complex Number Formulas

hi Ritu the question has already been answered by ganesh in post#5.


“Here lies the reader who will never open this book. He is forever dead.
“Taking a new step, uttering a new word, is what people fear most.” ― Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment
The knowledge of some things as a function of age is a delta function.

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