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Think it's because when selling two Cortlands together with three Macs, the supply of Macs is exhausted before the Cortlands, so the 10 leftover Cortlands are sold for a lower average price. Effectively the 10 Cortlands earn him 2 * $2 = $4 , when they should really be earning him 5 * $1 = $5.
Euclid's theorem proved that there are an infinite number of primes.
Imagine the biggest prime number ever discovered (call it P). Then take P factorial and add 1. Call this new number P! + 1 = Q. What's interesting is that no number between 1 and P will divide perfectly into Q, since all numbers between 1 and P divide perfectly into P factorial, and Q is P factorial + 1. Therefore any prime factors Q may have are either greater than P, proving there is at least one prime greater than P, or Q has no factors at all besides itself and 1, also proving there is at least one prime greater than P (namely Q itself). In fact it's not only at least one, but at least infinity, since any prime number greater than the original P can itself represent P.
Hopefully this makes sense.
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