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#1 2005-07-14 16:43:22

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Problems and Solutions

In this topic, I shall give a problem and give the (proper mathematical) solution after a week.:D

The first one:-

The population of a town increases by 5% annually. If its population in 1995 was 138915, what was it in 1992? smile


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#2 2005-07-14 17:04:47

tt
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Registered: 2005-07-03
Posts: 32

Re: Problems and Solutions

In 1992, the population was 120,000.

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#3 2005-07-14 17:10:52

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

Outstanding! You are really supersmart! big_smile
Try this one....But don't post your reply immediately.
Let others too try. big_smile

(2) A mixture of 40 liters of milk and water contains 10% water. How much water must be added to make water 20% in the new mixture? smile


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#4 2005-07-14 19:20:51

mathsyperson
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Registered: 2005-06-22
Posts: 4,900

Re: Problems and Solutions

Work out how much milk there is, then make an equation.

To take a leaf out of MathsIsFun's book...
This much! smile
water.jpg


Why did the vector cross the road?
It wanted to be normal.

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#5 2005-07-14 19:49:21

MathsIsFun
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Registered: 2005-01-21
Posts: 7,713

Re: Problems and Solutions

LOL ... I think about 3 seconds of that would be enough!


"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..."  - Leon M. Lederman

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#6 2005-07-14 23:02:55

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

That is close to a 1,000 gallons!


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#7 2005-07-15 04:55:31

im really bored
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Registered: 2005-05-12
Posts: 76

Re: Problems and Solutions

I think you would have to add 5 liters of water to make it 20%

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#8 2005-07-15 05:11:18

mathsyperson
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Registered: 2005-06-22
Posts: 4,900

Re: Problems and Solutions

That's what I got too.


Why did the vector cross the road?
It wanted to be normal.

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#9 2005-07-15 22:43:33

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

Thats right!
This is how it is solved.
40 litres of milk and water contain 10% water.
Therefore, the milk content is 36 litres and water is 4 litres.
Lets assume x litres of water are added to make water 20%.
The ratio of water to the total becomes
4+x/40+x
this is equal to 20/100 or 1/5.
4+x/40+x = 1/5,
5(4+x) = 40+x
20+5x = 40+x
4x=20
x=5 litres


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#10 2005-07-15 23:46:26

MathsIsFun
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Registered: 2005-01-21
Posts: 7,713

Re: Problems and Solutions

Oh, silly me.

I would have added another 4 litres to go from 10% to 20%, and then realised there were now 44 litres, so I would have added another litre for luck.

Hey, 4 litres plus one for luck = 5 litres!  big_smile


"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..."  - Leon M. Lederman

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#11 2005-07-15 23:53:42

MathsIsFun
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Registered: 2005-01-21
Posts: 7,713

Re: Problems and Solutions

I seem to recall that there was a puzzle where there was a lake that contained too much salt.

The government decided to pump fresh water in until the salt content was low enough, but the lake was already full, so when you add water, the existing water spills out.

If the lake contained 10 Million liters, how much water would you need to pump in to lower the salt content from 2% to 1%


This, I think, may need some advanced maths.


"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..."  - Leon M. Lederman

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#12 2005-07-15 23:57:11

mathsyperson
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Registered: 2005-06-22
Posts: 4,900

Re: Problems and Solutions

mathsyperson wrote:

This much! smile
water.jpg

I think that still applies. It's an interesting puzzle though, I might just have to do that one.


Why did the vector cross the road?
It wanted to be normal.

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#13 2005-07-16 00:06:12

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

I shall try to solve that when I start the next week,
here's my problem for the day roll

Using the numbers 1, 3, 4, and 6, together with the operations +, -, ×, and ÷, and unlimited use of brackets, make the number 24.  Each number must be used precisely once.  Each operation may be used zero or more times.  Decimal points are not allowed, nor is implicit use of base 10 by concatenating digits, as in 64 - 31.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#14 2005-07-16 00:09:12

mathsyperson
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Registered: 2005-06-22
Posts: 4,900

Re: Problems and Solutions

I've seen it before, and it is HORRIBLE.
If you're really stuck, try looking here for inspiration.


Why did the vector cross the road?
It wanted to be normal.

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#15 2005-07-16 00:24:18

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

I saw this problem and I was impressed. I didn't know someone had posted a similiar problem earlier. Okay, I shall give the solution and post a new problem instead.
The solution :- 6 /(1-3/4)


The new problem #3
Imagine you are writing numbers from 1 to 1000 on a piece of paper. How many times would you write the number'9'? tongue


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#16 2005-07-16 00:50:08

MathsIsFun
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Registered: 2005-01-21
Posts: 7,713

Re: Problems and Solutions

Hmmm ... you write 9 once every 10 numbers ...


"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..."  - Leon M. Lederman

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#17 2005-07-16 01:00:54

mathsyperson
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Registered: 2005-06-22
Posts: 4,900

Re: Problems and Solutions

My guess
Don't click that unless you're ganesh, you want to check your own answer or you want it spoiled. You have been warned!

With MathsIsFun's problem, I tried using Excel to work out how much salt is lost whenever you add a certain amount of water, and repeating that stage until you get to less than 1% salt. The value for the amount needed could be improved by adding less and less each time, but it's still only an approximation. I'm sure there's some complex way to work out the exact amount, but I don't know it.

I got down to adding 200 litres of water each time (any less than that and Excel gets really slow) and found that the amount needed (hopefully) lies between 6,931,400 and 6,931,600 litres. I can't improve on that.


Why did the vector cross the road?
It wanted to be normal.

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#18 2005-07-17 17:17:01

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

You are right, Mathsy! smile
#4 (Without paper, pencil; Time limit : 1 minute)
The sum of three numbers is 174. The ratio of the second number to the third is 9:16 and the ratio of the first number to the third is 1:4. The second number is _______.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#19 2005-07-17 18:08:09

mathsyperson
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Registered: 2005-06-22
Posts: 4,900

Re: Problems and Solutions

Hmm. It's not too hard to solve, but I could never do it with those limitations, so I fail.
There must be a shortcut somewhere that I've missed...


Why did the vector cross the road?
It wanted to be normal.

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#20 2005-07-17 19:16:07

Roraborealis
Member
Registered: 2005-03-17
Posts: 1,594

Re: Problems and Solutions

Dammit! I had the answer to the nines one, but then I forgot it again!!!!


School is practice for the future. Practice makes perfect. But - nobody's perfect, so why practice?

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#21 2005-07-17 19:22:00

MathsIsFun
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Registered: 2005-01-21
Posts: 7,713

Re: Problems and Solutions

The Lake Problem.

Yes, mathsy, that is a valid way to solve it, it comes under the broad heading "Numerical Methods". Excel is great at that.

Now, with very coarse steps (say 1 million liters) what did you come up with? And then as they got smaller and smaller how did they change? And if you could make the steps really tiny where would the answer end up?

When x becomes *very small* we call it "dx" and you end up doing Calculus!

I posed this problem from memory, and believe that using Calculus I can come up with an exact answer. When I get a few minutes I will have a try and post the answer here (unless Ganesh...?)


"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..."  - Leon M. Lederman

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#22 2005-07-17 20:16:17

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

I um unable to reply. I shall wait for your post and comment on that later, MathsIsFun.

ganesh wrote:

#4 (Without paper, pencil; Time limit : 1 minute)
The sum of three numbers is 174. The ratio of the second number to the third is 9:16 and the ratio of the first number to the third is 1:4. The second number is _______.

Since both the ratios have 4 or a multiple of 4 for C,
the ratio A:B:C = 4:9:16.
The sum of these is 29, and it can be noticed 174 is 29 x 6.
Therefore, the second number is 9 x 6, that is 54.


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#23 2005-07-18 16:52:38

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

A cistern can be filled by two pipes A and B separately in 45 minutes and 36 minutes respectively. A tap C at the bottom can empty the cistern in 30 minutes. If the tap C is opened 7 minutes after the two pipes A and B are opened, in how many minutes will the cistern be full?


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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#24 2005-07-18 19:25:00

mathsyperson
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Registered: 2005-06-22
Posts: 4,900

Re: Problems and Solutions


Why did the vector cross the road?
It wanted to be normal.

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#25 2005-07-18 20:14:08

Jai Ganesh
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Registered: 2005-06-28
Posts: 48,320

Re: Problems and Solutions

You got it √


It appears to me that if one wants to make progress in mathematics, one should study the masters and not the pupils. - Niels Henrik Abel.

Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking.

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