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Thanks, Bob.
I'm not sure if Einstein or Uncertainty messes with it either. But it is a frozen frame of a slice of space-time we're talking about so movement doesn't come into it. And even if we can't know the exact position of something etc, that might not matter either, because I'm trying to ascertain if the positions of things are absolute, not if we can know what those positions are. Reminder; it's a thought experiment.
One of the reasons I'm asking;
This came up for me recently.
I'm on a plane which is flying across the sky. I throw a ball up and wait for it to return to my hand. Apparently that ball, in my reference frame, travels in a straight line (up, then back down into my hand, in a straight line). But for Commander Bob (not in his smart uniform as its his day off) on a mountain watching the ball through a telescope, the ball describes a parabola. Both are true apparently.
Which got me wondering about the ball's various positions, as opposed to it's motion.
Is the following correct.
The ball starts at position a, and ends up at position b. Absolutely.
Or;
The ball starts at position a, and ends up at position b, FOR ME. But it's positions are different for you, Commander B.
Thanks, Bob.
Even though it’s not much help if you’re on the Moon or Mars, would you, on either of those, agree on my position, as something objective, something absolute?
Could the coordinate system for the Solar System simply be a vast x,y,z coordinate grid, with some agreed upon reference points?
What if we all agreed that the Sun’s north pole was the origin?
(Nb; I’m aware that the planets etc are forever changing position, etc, so I’m not thinking in terms of a practical system, to aid navigation; I’m thinking in terms of a thought experiment, to help me understand the notion of ‘position’ and in what sense/s it is relative.)
So if we imagined the Solar System at any given moment, i.e, we freeze-framed the ‘film’ of it, to stop everything (annoyingly ) moving around, we could then say I’m 90 point x million miles (insert direction, which would be agreed upon) from the origin (the Sun’s north pole).
And Astronaut A would be 90 point x million miles (insert direction) from the origin.
And you, Commander Bob, of Mars Fleet 25, would be, at Mars’s north pole, 140 point x million miles (insert direction) from me on Earth.
Etc, etc.
Would each of our positions then be objective, absolute, in those frozen slices of time, similar to points M,A,B (Me, Astronaut, Bob) on an x,y,z coordinate grid in a high school maths text book?
The position of an object is relative in that it only makes sense when we relate it to another object, when we say it is, for example, x metres AWAY FROM another object (and give the direction); but is it relative in any other sense?
Right now my position, my location, could be stated in terms of latitude and longitude (or some other system). So I could be, say, y metres south of the north pole and x metres east of the prime meridian, or something like that (also, zero metres from the surface of the Earth).
If, for the sake of discussion, we agree on the coordinate system, which pole counts as north, which meridian is prime, and which directions are positive, which are negative, etc, etc; is there then something objective, or absolute, about my position? Is my position (x) then the same for me as it is for you wherever you are, and the same for an astronaut on the Moon, or a rock on Mars, etc (if we all agree on the co-ordinate system)?
P.S. I don't think it's a silly question
if 6+6=12, then 3x2+3x2=6x2, but why can't I make it 3x2=6x2/3x2? this would make 3x2=2. It literally makes no sense, could someone explain it to me?
To rearrange 3x2+3x2=6x2 to make 3x2 the subject, as you tried to do in your final step, you should have done as follows;
3x2+3x2=6x2
Take 3x2 away from both sides;
3x2=6x2-3x2 (which is 6=12-6)
Instead you took 3x2 away from the left hand side of the equation, and DIVIDED the other side by 3x2
Thanks, Bob.
It seems strange, to me, that an object in motion would remain in motion forever unless acted on by an unbalanced force, a kind of perpetual motion. Yet at the same time I’m thinking, ‘Why wouldn’t it? Why would there be any change to the situation without any ‘input’?’ And how did anything come to be in motion in the first place?
@Phrzby Phil
“And why do we continue to call our gas pedal an accelerator once we have achieved a constant speed?”
Ah, you might be able to help me with a related physics question.
Once we’ve achieved a constant speed, and therefore we are no longer accelerating (assuming straight line travel), do we only need to keep our foot on the gas pedal to overcome friction? If there was no friction, could we take our foot off the gas and still maintain constant speed?
Also, once we’ve achieved constant speed is there no longer an unbalanced force on the vehicle?
I was initially thinking that the applied force would still be greater than the friction force and therefore the force would be unbalanced (with the gravitational force and the normal force cancelling each other out).
Thanks, guys.
“As the box (in the truck) moves with constant velocity down the road, its acceleration is zero.
Therefore, the net force acting on the box must be
zero.”
Which forces are involved in a truck moving with constant velocity (and therefore no acceleration)?
The gravitational force and the normal force cancel each other out.
But the applied force is greater than the frictional force, hence the truck moving, so how do the overall forces end up balanced resulting in a net zero force?
I’m thinking (wrongly, it seems) that the forces are unbalanced, that there is a net force involved, i.e, the applied force minus the frictional force, which is a non-zero amount.
P.S. There will be two friction forces; the friction between the tyres and the road; and the friction between the air and the truck overall. So the sum will be; applied force minus the two frictional forces, which will still give us a non-zero amount.
Thanks a lot, Bob
That's why you need to be careful believing everything you read off the internet; especially AI.*
If you're not told the initial velocity you must not assume it is any value at all. For some problems an object might be starting from rest but, in this problem we know it isn't.
For the whole of the 3 seconds it's travelling at a constant velocity; there's no such thing as instantaneous acceleration; so it's starting velocity must be 5 m/s.
Bob
* note: I am not a robot. I've had to prove this loads of times by ticking boxes, even when I'm asked to tick all the squares containing a bike and one square has a tiny, tiny bit of a bike wheel trying to trick me. I have a grade A (when A* didn't exist) in applied maths ie. mechanics and I've taught it for 37 years. Doing v = u + at problems is something I'm pretty good at.
Thanks a lot, Bob.
I believe you! I've not quite grasped it yet, but I believe you
Just to clarify;
1. Was Google AI correct when they said 0m from the origin TYPICALLY means the object at rest? Or is even that incorrect?
2. What's the first thing that tells us, in this example, that there is no acceleration; is it the straight line slope? What else tells us?
3. What would the graph (the line) look like for an object starting at rest, accelerating from 0m/s to 5m/s, then maintaining 5m/s for several seconds; would it be curved for that first second, then straight for the remaining time?
**Respect for teaching for 37 years! Stephen Fry (and me!) get annoyed at the lack of respect (from some) for teachers. **
From Google AI Overview;
Yes, in the context of physics, "0m from the origin" typically means an object is at rest, as it indicates the object is located at the starting point and not currently moving anywhere, with a position of zero displacement from the origin.
Constant velocity definitely means no acceleration. The given information does not state that u=0 and I think that's why you're confused. If you take u = v = 5
then v = u + at => a = (v-u)/t = (5-5)/3 = 0
Bob
Thanks, Bob.
What did you mean when you said, "...the given information does not state that u=0..."
And why did you suggest we take the initial velocity to be 5m/s? I get that if we looked at it from 1s to 3s then u = 5. But my example was from 0s to 3s.
I said that, "xf-xi = 15m-0m = 15m"
So it's position at the outset was 0m from the origin, i.e, it was at rest. Is that correct; 0m from the orgin means at rest? I suppose I could leave my house to run round the block a few times and, when I passed my home, I would be 0m from my origin but still in motion (?) In that case, how do we know what is meant by 0m from the origin?
Can we ever assume the object is at rest, when it's 0m from its origin? And if so, it has to accelerate from 0m/s to 5m/s, before it can then maintain the constant v of 5m/s (?)
NB. I'm thinking of position-time graphs with position axis going from 0m to xm, and time axis going from 0m to xs, and the line being a straight diagonal from the origin at 0m, 0s.
Thanks, Kerim F
I’m told that a straight line on a position-time graph represents constant velocity and therefore no acceleration (the line is curved when there is acceleration).
But take the following scenario.
An object's change in position over 3 seconds is as follows;
xf-xi = 15m-0m = 15m
So, s(displacement); 15m
t; 3s
v=s/t
v=15m/3s
v avg=5m/s
And,
a=v-u/(t)
a=5m/s-0m/s/(3s)
a=5m/s/(3s)
a=5/3m/s^2
So we have an acceleration of 5/3m/s^2. Yet we have a straight line (which is supposed to represent constant velocity and therefore no acceleration (?).
**
So what am I missing?
Acceleration = change in velocity over time
Yes, there is no change in velocity between 1s and 2s. And between 2s and 3s. But there is a change in v between 0s and 1s (the object’s v changes from 0m/s to 5m/s). And we work out avg a over the full duration (3s).
**
Should I be focusing on the first second, where there is a change in v?
a=v-u/(t)
a=5m/s=0m/s/(1s)
a=5m/s/(1s)
a=5m/s^2
Hmmm..?
If I’ve calculated correctly the a over the 3s is 5/3m/s^2, and the a over just the first second is 5/m/s^2. Yet a straight line is supposed to represent zero acceleration.
Thanks, Bob.
Thanks, Bob.
And, sorry, I didn't think I had submitted this one. I previewed it, saw all the code, and realised I don't know how to post an image on here (so I posted a thread on how to post images/photos) and thought I'd abandoned this post. Doh!
Anyway. Here is the question without all the code;
At what time does the mouse have the same position as t=0s?
I worked it out, eventually (3.5s). Did you get 4.5s?
It was the part, “...where rightwards is the positive velocity direction,” that had me puzzled.
Just to double check I’ve now got that;
Does it mean; when the velocity is positive, the displacement is to the right (and therefore, when the v is negative, the displacement is to the left)?
A mouse is trying to cross the street. Its velocity
\[v\] as a function of time
\[t\] is given in the graph below where rightwards is the positive velocity direction.
A set of black coordinate axes are given with the vertical axis labeled "v (m/s)" and the horizontal axes labeled "t (s)". A curve that relates v to t is shown in blue. It begins with a straight line of endpoints (0,0) and (1,5). This first line is connected to a second line with endpoints (1,5) and (3,-5). This second line is then connected to a third line of endpoints (3,-5) and (6,-5).
\[\small{1}\]
\[\small{2}\]
\[\small{3}\]
\[\small{4}\]
\[\small{5}\]
\[\small{1}\]
\[\small{2}\]
\[\small{3}\]
\[\small{4}\]
\[\small{5}\]
\[\small{\llap{-}2}\]
\[\small{\llap{-}3}\]
\[\small{\llap{-}4}\]
\[\small{\llap{-}5}\]
\[v~(\text{m/s})\]
\[t~(\text s)\]
At what time does the mouse have the same position as
\[t = 0\,\text s\]?
Assume the motion is restricted to one dimension. Answer with two significant digits.
And Small Numbers (quadrillionth)
*
The electron has a mass of approximately 9x10^-31kg, apparently.
Is 10^31 10 quadrillion quadrillion?
Is 10^-30 one quadrillion quadrillionth?
Or is 10^-30 one quadrillionth quadrillionth?
And is 10^-31 one tenth of a quadrillion quadrillionth?
Or is 10^-31 one tenth of a quadrillionth quadrillionth?
And, finally, is 9x10^-31 9 tenths of a quadrillionth quadrillionth
Thanks, Bob.
I'm too young for bakelite records, and listening to the Goons on the radio, but we were taught On The Ning Nang Nong at school
Thanks, Phil.
An object is thrown upwards. Its initial velocity is +20 m/s.
Find its velocity at t=5 sec. (Assume the absolute value of g is 10 m/s2)
Thanks, KerimF
I had to use Google to get the formula
v=u+at
v=+20m/s +(-10m/s^2)(5s)
v= +20m/s + -50m/s
v= +20m/s -50m/s
v= -30m/s
or;
v= 30m/s downwards
Is that correct?
Ah, thanks, Bob, that does ring a bell. My memory is not what it... sorry, what were we talking about?
Also, if an object is shown to have moved in the negative direction could that mean either it turned around and headed back towards its origin; or, it could have went into reverse (if it was a vehicle; or, I suppose, a person, etc, like Spike Milligan Walking Backwards for Christmas, for example).
If the velocity of an object is -2m/s does the negative sign stand for direction? If so does that mean -2m/s is the complete answer, we don't need anything else such as North, South, Rightwards, Leftwards?