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#1 2006-08-02 05:28:20

Ricky
Moderator
Registered: 2005-12-04
Posts: 3,791

Group Theory

To be used with Introduction to Groups

1. Show that the set {0} with addition is a group.
2. Show that the set {0} with multiplication is a group.
3. Show that the set {1} with addition is not a group.
4. Show that the set {1} with multiplication is a group.
5. Show that the set {-1, 1} is a group under multiplication, but not addition.
6. Name the multiplicative inverse for -1 in the group {-1, 1} under multiplication.
7. Show that if abab = aabb, then it must be that ab = ba.
8. Show that the matrix [1 2][2 1] * [3 2][1 2] does not equal [3 2][1 2] * [1 2][2 1] (It may be noted that matrices of integers are groups). This would mean that matrices are not abelian.


"In the real world, this would be a problem.  But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist.  So we'll go ahead and do that now..."

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#2 2010-10-19 14:25:57

xueli
Member
Registered: 2010-10-18
Posts: 1

Re: Group Theory

im still not understand....

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#3 2011-01-26 21:34:45

vichet love
Member
Registered: 2011-01-26
Posts: 2

Re: Group Theory

hello my name dom pong

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#4 2011-01-26 22:26:57

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Group Theory

Hi dom pong;

Welcome to the forum! Why did you post here instead of Introductions?


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#5 2011-03-03 01:29:20

Reek
Member
Registered: 2010-12-22
Posts: 11

Re: Group Theory

1. Show that the set {0} with addition is a group.
For any elements a and b  of {0}, (a+b) is an element of {0}. The closure law has been followed.

For any a,b,c of {0}; a+(b+c) = (a+b)+c. The associative law has been followed.

For any a of {0} i+a=a, where i is a particular element in {0}.The left identity element i is 0 here.

For any a of {0} the equation x+a=i has a solution known as the left inverse of a.0 is the only element in {0} and the left inverse of 0 is 0.

All these properties are followed by this set that is closed under addition.
Therefore, {0} is a group with respect to addition.

Last edited by Reek (2011-03-21 22:56:38)


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#6 2011-03-03 01:41:31

Reek
Member
Registered: 2010-12-22
Posts: 11

Re: Group Theory

2.Show that the set {0} with multiplication is a group.
For any elements a and b  of {0}, (a*b) is an element of {0}. The closure law has been followed.

For any a,b,c of {0}; a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c. The associative law has been followed.

For any a of {0} i*a=a, where i is a particular element in {0}.The left identity element i is 0 here.

For any a of {0} the equation x*a=i has a solution known as the left inverse of a.0 is the only element in {0} and the left inverse of 0 is 0.

All these properties are followed by this set that is closed under multiplication.
Therefore, {0} is a group with respect to multiplication.

Last edited by Reek (2011-03-21 22:57:16)


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#7 2011-03-03 01:49:17

Reek
Member
Registered: 2010-12-22
Posts: 11

Re: Group Theory

3. Show that the set {1} with addition is not a group.
For any elements a and b  of {1}, (a+b) is not an element of {1}. 1+1=2. It is enough to show only one rule-break to prove that {1} is not a group with respect to addition.
We conclude  {1} is not a group with respect to addition.

Last edited by Reek (2011-03-03 01:58:20)


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#8 2011-03-03 01:57:20

Reek
Member
Registered: 2010-12-22
Posts: 11

Re: Group Theory

4. Show that the set {1} with multiplication is a group.
For any elements a and b  of {1}, (a*b) is an element of {1}. The closure law has been followed.

For any a,b,c of {1}; a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c. The associative law has been followed.

For any a of {1} i*a=a, where i is a particular element in {1}.The left identity element i is 1 here.

For any a of {1} the equation x*a=i has a solution known as the left inverse of a.1 is the only element in {1} and the left inverse of 1 is 1.

All these properties are followed by this set that is closed under multiplication.
Therefore, {1} is a group with respect to multiplication.

Last edited by Reek (2011-03-21 22:57:49)


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#9 2011-03-03 02:10:15

Reek
Member
Registered: 2010-12-22
Posts: 11

Re: Group Theory

5. Show that the set {-1, 1} is a group under multiplication, but not addition.
For any elements a and b  of {-1, 1}, (a+b) is not an element of {-1, 1}. It is enough to show only one rule-break to prove that {-1, 1} is not a group with respect to addition.
We conclude  {-1, 1} is not a group with respect to addition.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For any elements a and b  of {-1,1}, (a*b) is an element of {1,-1}. The closure law has been followed.

For any a,b,c of {1,-1}; a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c. The associative law has been followed.

For any a of {1,-1} i*a=a, where i is a particular element in {1,-1}.The left identity element i is 1 here.

For any a of {1,-1} the equation x*a=i has a solution known as the left inverse of a.

All these properties are followed by this set that is closed under multiplication.
Therefore, {1,-1} is a group with respect to multiplication.

Last edited by Reek (2011-03-21 22:58:38)


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#10 2011-05-02 23:27:58

JaneFairfax
Member
Registered: 2007-02-23
Posts: 6,868

Re: Group Theory

Ricky wrote:

(It may be noted that matrices of integers are groups).

Are you sure? Or have I misunderstood something here? yikes

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#11 2014-03-07 22:24:47

sobia
Member
Registered: 2014-03-07
Posts: 1

Re: Group Theory

i still dont don't understand basics of groups and how to solve probems....:(

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#12 2014-03-07 22:51:04

anonimnystefy
Real Member
From: Harlan's World
Registered: 2011-05-23
Posts: 16,049

Re: Group Theory

JaneFairfax wrote:
Ricky wrote:

(It may be noted that matrices of integers are groups).

Are you sure? Or have I misunderstood something here? yikes

I don't think they are a group under multiplication, because not all the matrices in the set have inverses...


“Here lies the reader who will never open this book. He is forever dead.
“Taking a new step, uttering a new word, is what people fear most.” ― Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment
The knowledge of some things as a function of age is a delta function.

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#13 2014-03-07 23:34:17

Bob
Administrator
Registered: 2010-06-20
Posts: 10,052

Re: Group Theory

hi sobia,

Welcome to the forum.

There's a very simple introduction at

http://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/groups-introduction.html

The link at the end takes you back to this post.  If you have a particular question that you need help with, post it here.  smile

Bob


Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob smile

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#14 2014-03-08 01:46:20

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Group Theory

Great!!

Why didn't I see that before?


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#15 2014-03-08 05:07:37

ShivamS
Member
Registered: 2011-02-07
Posts: 3,648

Re: Group Theory

I don't know why, but recently I have started to really enjoy abstract algebra. Taking a graduate level group theory course right now!

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#16 2014-03-08 05:44:21

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Group Theory

What is abstract algebra like?


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#17 2014-03-08 06:00:36

ShivamS
Member
Registered: 2011-02-07
Posts: 3,648

Re: Group Theory

It's pretty abstract and broad. You start learning about algebraic structures by them selves, like groups, rings, fields etc. You start learning why things actually work (certain properties). I preferred analysis over it for quite a bit, but I'm starting to like it more nowadays.

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#18 2014-03-18 14:13:36

eigenguy
Member
Registered: 2014-03-18
Posts: 78

Re: Group Theory

The greatest tool in the mathematician's tool chest is abstraction. I cannot count all the times when I've done some long, horrific calculation or proof, and some time later came across an abstraction that made the whole thing almost trivial.

Example: prove that det(AB) = det(A)det(B). If you try to do that for higher dimensions by looking at the coordinate formula, you'll be gibbering before very long (2D isn't bad, 3 is a pain, 4 is awful, much higher, and you might as well throw the whole thing in). But if you develop the concept of vector spaces, and introduce the wedge product, then suddenly, the determinant pops up in such a way that the det(AB) = det(A)det(B) result is a trivial consequence.

I find analysis more interesting myself, but abstract algebra shows up in pretty much all other fields, so it is a very good thing to master.


"Having thus refreshed ourselves in the oasis of a proof, we now turn again into the desert of definitions." - Bröcker & Jänich

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#19 2023-02-08 16:39:17

liker777
Novice
Registered: 2023-02-08
Posts: 4

Re: Group Theory

Show that a group can have one and only one identity e. There should not be 2 different identities e1 and e2 in the same group, when e1 does not equal e2.

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#20 2023-02-08 18:57:37

liker777
Novice
Registered: 2023-02-08
Posts: 4

Re: Group Theory

7. Show that if abab = aabb, then it must be that ab = ba.

Stars (operation symbols) are missed in between these letters.

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#21 2023-02-08 22:11:36

liker777
Novice
Registered: 2023-02-08
Posts: 4

Re: Group Theory

7. Show that if abab = aabb, then it must be that ab = ba.

a' is inverse for a
b' is inverse for b
e is identity

abab = aabb
(abab)b' = (aabb)b'
(aba)(bb') = (aab)(bb')
(aba)e = (aab)e
aba = aab
a'(aba) = a'(aab)
(a'a)(ba) = (a'a)(ab)
e(ba) = e(ab)
ba = ab
ab = ba

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#22 2023-02-09 01:05:05

Bob
Administrator
Registered: 2010-06-20
Posts: 10,052

Re: Group Theory

hi liker777

Welcome to the forum.

Well done, looks like you have found the solution ok.

Were you setting these as exercises or because you wanted help with doing them?

Bob


Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob smile

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