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#101 Re: Dark Discussions at Cafe Infinity » Artificial Intelligence » 2010-04-03 14:44:07

I think it is already here. Intelligent programs to different degrees, do math, fly and land planes, play grandmaster chess, analyze chemical compounds, diagnose symptoms, answer phones, recognize speech, route traffic etc.

Computers have always been great in deep and narrow fields, where problems are well-define.  It is widely agreed that the Turing test is a good test for artificial intelligence.  To achieve artificial intelligence, computers must master shallow and wide fields, something that no one has been able to do.

This leads to one of my favorite insults: You're so dumb you can't pass a Turing test.

#102 Re: Help Me ! » Positive definite matrix » 2010-04-01 10:06:03

Actually, I should use the checking prior to invoking the Cholesky decomposition. This means the checking is preparation for Cholesky

I've only glanced at the algorithm, but it seems like it will terminate in a finite number of steps whether or not the matrix is positive definite.  Assuming this to be true, the algorithm can be used as a check.

#103 Re: Help Me ! » Positive definite matrix » 2010-03-31 15:15:33

John, I've verified that the matrix posted is in fact positive definite.  I think you have an error.

#104 Re: Help Me ! » Positive definite matrix » 2010-03-31 08:16:27

Completion of the first criterion would be better.

You're assuming it's possible.  Another option is to use the Cholesky decomposition algorithm.  A symmetric matrix is positive definite if and only if it has a Cholesky decomposition, and there exists an algorithm for computing this.  Use the algorithm, and if it blows up somewhere (i.e. division by zero or a certain condition is not met like A^(n) = I), then the matrix must not be positive definite.

#106 Re: Help Me ! » Positive definite matrix » 2010-03-30 08:56:29

Off hand, I know of no easy computable equivalent condition on positive definite matrices.  You could use the criteria and if that fails then check the hard way.

#107 Re: Help Me ! » prove, about characteristic polynomial... » 2010-03-29 14:12:55

Determinants are defined by induction.  Good mathematics principle: Statements about things which are defined by induction are also proved by induction.

#108 Re: Euler Avenue » Integration, what is it? » 2010-03-28 13:58:40

My lecturer only mentioned it in passing though, saying the proof was far beyond the scope of the course.

That integral does not exist as a Riemann integral.  We can take the limit as Δx goes to zero by choosing all rationals for Δx, in which case each term in the sequence is 1, or we can take the limit by choosing Δx to be irrationals, in which case each term in the sequence is 0.  This prove the limit does not exist.

Now that is using the calculus definition of the integral, rather than the analysis definition.  The analysis definition will also not exist.

The integral is however zero when you consider it as a Lebesgue integral.  Lebesgue integration works like this: come up with a lower approximation for the integral using functions you can compute the integral of, and then call the highest one of those the value of the integral.  We make these approximations using simple functions which are functions which take on finitely many values.  The integral of a simple function f is

Where a_i is a value the simple function takes, E_i = f^{-1}(a_i), and m(E_i) is the measure of E_i.  This uses a bit of a fancy definition, but in this case you're helped a bit by the theorem that the measure of any countable set is 0, and m(A U B) = m(A) + m(B) when A and B are disjoint.  This means the measure of the rationals in [0,1] is 0, and so your function has integral 0.

#109 Re: Help Me ! » Distinguishable objects in indistinguishable bins » 2010-03-27 05:33:36

As a general principle in mathematics, if your formula is off for one number, it is probably off for infinitely many others.

#110 Re: Help Me ! » Boolean Algebra Equivelance » 2010-03-23 10:33:37

Before doing any work on proving the statement, make sure you understand it first.  The statement on the left reads:

If p(x) is true, then at least one of q(x) and r(x) is false.

It should be intuitive that this means at least one of {p(x), q(x), r(x)} is false, which is the statement on the right.

Your first statement is wrong.  When you negate a statement "a or b" using DeMorgan, it becomes "not a and not b".  You negated "a or b" to "not a or b".

#111 Re: Help Me ! » Unusual equality :)) » 2010-03-19 11:27:02

mathsyperson, I believe #1 is supposed to be a question in complex analysis (this is why z is used).

As to the answer, it's an application of Rouche's theorem.  The "hint" below is really an answer...

This proves that there is exactly one value where e^z = z.

#112 Re: Help Me ! » Query with proof » 2010-03-18 01:13:00

It's actually pretty easy to prove the generalization: If f is a continuous map from a compact space X, then f(X) is compact.

#113 Re: Coder's Corner » Python: moving on up? » 2010-03-16 13:05:52

Am I going to have to learn Java to use Jython?

Have to?  No.  But knowing more can never hurt, only help.  You will however have to familiarize yourself with using Jython, which is not the same as learning Java.

How do I figure out which implementation of Python I'm using?

When you go to run python code, what is the name of the program you need to load up first?

how do I use the right one? And how will that change what I'm doing?

The "right" one depends on your needs.  Java is fairly easy to learn and quick to make GUIs.  This is one reason I would recommend Jython.  Start here to use it.  I can offer at least some assistance, but their mailing list would probably be more helpful (use the "users" one).

As for changing what you are doing, there are two large paradigms when it comes to programming (there are others, mind you).  Each of these are not the whole story, but the bigger picture is here:

1. Code -> Compile -> Assembly code -> Assemble -> Machine code -> Run on computer.
2. Code -> Run interpreter -> Load code -> Run on computer

The first is called a "compiled" language, the second a "scripted" language.  The compiled code needs no external programs to run (most of the time...), while scripted code must be run using a program.

#114 Re: Coder's Corner » Python: moving on up? » 2010-03-15 14:34:19

calccrypto, you got a half of what he is asking.

There are two parts to making a program look like something "I might download off the internet":

1. Run natively (i.e. an executable)
2. Graphic user interface (GUI)

For the first, it all depends upon which implementation of Python you are using.  If you are using it as a scripting language (e.g. the implementation CPython), then the short answer is: No.   Scripting languages, by definition, require an interpreter to run the code.  This is what I believe you're doing.

But Python is also implemented as a compiled language: you compile code into an executable that you can then run on the machine itself.  Jython is one example of such an implementation.  It actually takes Python code, compiles it into Java byte code, and then you can use that on a machine.  If you go this route, then you can actually use Java GUI libraries to make a GUI.

For the second, you need an external library to interact with the operating system's graphical API.  For Python, check out this site.

#115 Re: Dark Discussions at Cafe Infinity » Mining Solar Energy in a highschool testube » 2010-03-14 08:43:29

Many individuals, looking at a body of water, may be struck by its beauty or wonder about its swimmability. When MIT’s Daniel Nocera looks, he sees, among other things…fuel.

And not just any fuel, but potentially green and basically limitless fuel.

If I'm reading the article correctly, then this is a horrible lead.  What he's done is created a battery, not fuel.  The amount of energy stored can be no greater than the output of the solar panel; indeed it will be less.  Battery development is an exciting field, one which is becoming ever more important, so this truly is a good find.  But why the article suggested it was a fuel, I can only hazard guesses.  A confused reporter would be one of those.

bobbym wrote:

Sure is. If he can only get by the myriad of oil companies who are making hundreds of billions by burning oil. That shouldn't be too difficult.

His research will not compete with oil companies at all.  All his device requires is energy, regardless of what form it came from.  It will however help those who are competing with oil companies.

#116 Re: Help Me ! » bijective inverse function » 2010-03-05 03:38:59

It would be much more beneficial if you wrote what you thought was rigorous, and let us critique it.

#117 Re: This is Cool » 1 4 2 8 5 7 and 2^n MYTH » 2010-03-01 19:09:48

and why 3, 6 and 9 are missing in all 1/7, 2/7 , 3/7, 4/7, 5/7 and 6/7.

What do you mean?  Where do 1/7 to 6/7 come into play, and why does 3/7 (for example) not count?

It seems like you're dabbling in numerology, which while perhaps fun to some people, is a rather "meaningless" venture.  Realize (for example) that your sequence would be completely different if humans had 12 fingers instead of 10, because then we'd be counting in base 12.

And the method used is simple and commonplace in astrology.

That's not a good sign. lol

#120 Re: Help Me ! » Analysis » 2010-02-27 08:22:17

You're having trouble because the proposition is false.  Let f = e^x, then

Which certainly does not fit the conclusion.

#121 Re: Help Me ! » physics questios » 2010-02-24 09:06:27

We aren't able to cool something down to absolute zero (it's very hard to keep a molecule absolutely still)

If you were able to get something down to absolute zero, then you would violate the laws of thermodynamics.  They can be summed up as:

1. You can't win.
2. You can't break even.
3. You can't stop playing the game.

#122 Re: Help Me ! » Absolute Value Formula » 2010-02-23 17:57:19

If you're not using this for programming, then

works.

#123 Re: Help Me ! » I've found this to be INTERESTING.. » 2010-02-21 06:31:32

I'm not really sure I understand much of your post.  I have no idea why the recent trends in computing power have anything to do with the discussion of computation vs. thought.

In any case, you don't wait for a problem to be uncomputable to start learning how to think about problems.  For example, my method of eliminating obvious choices is exactly how one goes about classifying simple Lie algebras.  Learning a method means you can attempt to apply that method to other problems.

Seeing a problem solved in various ways can't hurt you.

#124 Re: Help Me ! » I've found this to be INTERESTING.. » 2010-02-21 02:05:44

I think it is on the way out. Will anyone miss it?

And once again you sound like you're talking about in general.  And even if you only meant it referring to this problem (I don't see how...), it's a ridiculous statement to make.

And that's really incorrect, programming is thinking.

Were you really of the opinion that I thought a brain dead person could program?  Obviously there is less thinking when one uses a brute force method, that's why it's called brute force.  This is the difference we're talking about.

#125 Re: Help Me ! » I've found this to be INTERESTING.. » 2010-02-20 06:28:41

Ok, I'll accept that you were talking about in this problem only.  However, by "replace", did you mean that there is no use for thinking?

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