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{7/3}

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Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Conics

How do you prove that the ratio of a conic section's points' distance from focus and distance from directrix is constant using dandelin spheres?

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Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

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Re: Conics

hi {7/3},

I'd not heard of them so I did a search.

These first two links just do the ellipse and so I was beginning to think that was all, but the third link has a tantalising suggestion that, once you've done the ellipse, the others are easy.    Best of luck! 

The third looks the easiest to follow.

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DandelinSpheres.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandelin_spheres

http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/prime/art … /index.asp

Bob

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Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Sorry,bob but those links prove sum of distance property,not the property i want

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

Sure but your property then follows.

Bob

---

Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

How?

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

hi {7/3}

Sorry it's been a while.  My book's definition starts with the eccentricity property and deduces, firstly the equation, then the sum of distances.  It comes out fairly easily this way round.

This morning I started with the sum of distances and tried to work the other way.  You'd think it would just be a matter of reversing the steps.  At least, that's what I thought when I casually said "your property then follows".  Huh!  Should have kept quiet, shouldn't I ?

I have a page, densely covered with algebra.  The formula nearly dropped out but for one erroneous term.  Since I know it will work I've just got to find the error.  Then, armed with the formula I will be able to reverse the book proof and get to the eccentricity property.  Then convert it to Latex. 

I will get there, and I'll be pleased with myself for the method, but it is going to take a few hours yet.

Bob

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Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Found a link it doesn't use algebra-http://xahlee.info/SpecialPlaneCurves_d … ction.html [the link doesn't prove theta is constant for any point ]

Last edited by {7/3} (2013-06-09 00:33:33)

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

hi {7/3}

Thanks for the link; that's a great page.  Don't know if you still want my proof, but I'll do it anyway for my own satisfaction.

Diagram below.

A planar curve has the property that points on the curve, P, follow this rule:

The following properties can be deduced immediately:

If F'F is extended in both directions there will be a point, A, on this line that lies on the curve.

Construct a second line, the perpendicular bisector of F'F.

Let these two lines be the x axis and y axis respectively.

Let F and F' have coordinates (s,0) and (-s,0) respectively.

If P (x,y) is a point on the curve then it is easy using symmetry to see that (x,-y) (-x,y) and (-x,-y) are also on the curve.

Let A be the point (a,0) and let B (on the curve) be the point (o,b)

A is on the curve so F'A + AF = constant = (a + s) + (a - s) = 2a.  So the constant is 2a.

let e < 1 be such that b = a(1 - e) then

Let MD be the line

where D is on the x axis and M is the point with the same y coordinate as P.

I think that is the preliminaries dealt with.  Now I'm going to work out the equation of this curve.

From the basic property:

 

 

 

 

Hold onto your hats.  This is where it gets hairy!!

 

Cancelling spree follows

 

 

 

 

but

so

divide by a^2b^2

I think I need a break now ..... back later to finish off the eccentricity bit     

Bob

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Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

That is some proof ! I think i'm going to lose my hair thinking about it. But it is an interesting proof at least now i know how the equation comes

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Hey bob,I tried to derive the equation of hyperbola like this,I've got everything except a^2+b^2=c^2. How do i prove it?

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

hi {7/3}

What are you starting with?  Not sure what you mean by c^2

Bob

---

Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Sorry for not being clear,c is distance of foci from center.if i assume a^2+b^2=c^2 i can derive the equation but how do i prove a^2+b^2=c^2?
[i tried searching in the net,all the websites i've been to say that proving it is tough and i should take it for granted]

Last edited by {7/3} (2013-06-18 05:10:53)

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

hi {7/3}

So did you start with Dandelin spheres again? 

My text book says for a hyperbola

That should enable you to introduce c.

Is that your starting point?

Then, how are you defining b ?

I think you want

e > 0

Bob

---

Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

I define a as the 1/2 of the distance of the two vertace and b as 1/2 of the line segment that is perpendicular to major axis,passes through center and its length corresponds to height of asymptotes over/under a vertex

Last edited by {7/3} (2013-06-18 21:09:59)

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

hi {7/3}

That's ok but it is difficult to know the properties of the asymptotes before you have the equation. (Strictly, you don't know it has any yet.)

So, my advice is to steer away from b anyway.

The hyperbola has the property

I'm assuming you can use that in the same way we used the

for an ellipse.

From that you can show that the constant is 2a.

The focus and directrix properties will follow once you have the equation, but you might as well define some things in preparation.

eg.  Define c to be ae for some e > 1

Start with (1) and substitute in what we have ( a, c etc)

Simplify as before.

Define b^2 = a^2(e^2 - 1) and the right equation should arrive after some work.  (I haven't tried it yet )

This definition for b is actually equivalent to the formula you wanted to prove but the asymptote properties will come as a consequence rather than as a starting point.

Bob

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Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Thanks

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Bob,one last question ,what is the definition of an asymptote,there are many on the net,but which one is correct

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

Administrator

Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

Arhh.  Now that is a question.

In my opinion, there are no absolutes when it comes to mathematical definitions, although it obviously helps if there is some agreement, or at least, that two definitions are equivalent.  Here's a selection:

http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=as … MathWorld-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptote

http://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/asymptote.html

Some include the requirement that the curve never reaches the line.  I'm just wondering if I can construct a function that has an asymptote but also crosses that line elsewhere.  I think so, but I haven't found one yet.

Bob

---

Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

Bob

Administrator

Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

here's one to ponder:

y = x + cos(x)

Is y = x an asymptote ?

Bob

---

Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

Bob

Administrator

Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

I've got a better one, in that the curve gets closer and closer to y = x as x tends to infinity.

Bob

---

Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

I like the definition that asymptote is tangent to the curve at infinity.
Those are some cool functions,but does the tangent definition apply for them?if not which definition does?

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Check this- http://www3.ul.ie/~rynnet/swconics/HP%27s.htm first property how was it derived???

Last edited by {7/3} (2013-06-21 03:40:31)

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

Bob

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Registered: 2010-06-20

Posts: 10,619

Re: Conics

hi

Good site.  I like the animations. 

Some people have trouble with infinity being a 'number' or, in this case, a position.  So the tangent at infinity definition is neat but difficult to make rigorous.

Having said that I think it would be possible to argue that my curve

has y = x as its tangent at infinity.

Please don't ask me to do so.    I've just spent most of the day checking and filing paperwork and now my head is like this 

Bob

---

Children are not defined by school ...........The Fonz
You cannot teach a man anything;  you can only help him find it within himself..........Galileo Galilei
Sometimes I deliberately make mistakes, just to test you!  …………….Bob

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

Oh,but how did that site derive the first property?

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.

{7/3}

Member

Registered: 2013-02-11

Posts: 210

Re: Conics

If i can prove that property,i won't need eccentricity for the equation.
Here's a version of the statement for ellipse,the tangents to the end of minor axis lie on the intersections of circles containing ends of major axis and perpendinculars on foci.

Last edited by {7/3} (2013-06-22 13:09:51)

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There are 10 kinds of people in the world,people who understand binary and people who don't.